1.         Materials at reading level:

Auge, T. (1980). The dream of Bishop Loras: a Catholic Iowa. Palimpsest, 61 (6), 170-179. A historical journal article describing the Bishop's plan to recruit priests from Europe for the new Iowa diocese. Can be used to explain the growth of the Catholic Church in Iowa .

Bell, T. (1976). Out of this furnace. Pittsburgh, PA : University of Pittsburgh Press. A novel about the experiences of three generations of a Hungarian immigrant family. Can be used for reading exercises and essays.

D'Alton, E. (1999). Ireland . Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 12, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://newadvent.org/cathen/08098b.htm. A detailed encyclopedic article emphasizing the Catholic Church's role in Irish history. Can be used for documentation in papers.

Dufferin, H. (1850). The lament of the Irish emigrant. The Irish emigrant. Retrieved September 11, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://www.theirishemigrant.com/poem.htm. Poem contemporary with the Great Famine about loss and emigration. Can be used to generate an emotional response from the reader.

Griffin , W. (1981). A portrait of the Irish in America. New York : Scribner. An exceptional collection of over 300 photographs with captions and maps including a brief historical preface. Can be used as pictorial references for lessons.

Halsall, P. (Ed.). (2001, July 29). Interpreting the Irish famine. Internet modern history sourcebook: US immigration. Retrieved September 11, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook.html. An exceptional source for primary multimedia resources on the web including maps, music, images, and movies. Materials found can be used for inclusion in presentations and web projects.

Harkin, Rev. E. (1956). A history of the Catholic Church in Decatur County, Iowa. Leon , Iowa : Leon Journal-Reporter. A primary source detailing the lives of Irish immigrants to southwest Iowa . Can be used to contrast immigrant experiences in rural Iowa versus urban Davenport .

Hart, E. (1999). Barefoot heart. Tempe , AZ : Bilingual Press (ASU). A novel about the experiences of a Mexican migrant farm-worker family. Can be used for reading exercises and essays.

A history of the Irish race. (2000, May 3). Old Ireland . Retrieved April 12, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://www.ireland.org/irl_hist/hist2.htm. An encyclopedic article detailing early Irish history from the Irish perspective. Can be used for documentation in papers.

Iowa: the home for immigrants; being a treatise on the resources of Iowa and giving useful information with regard to the State for the benefit of immigrants and others. (1970). Iowa City : State Historical Society of Iowa . Reprint after 100 years of an Iowa immigration pamphlet used to attract immigrants from Europe . Provides an historical snapshot of Iowa in 1870.

Jewett, S. (1996). The Irish stories of Sarah Orne Jewett, 1849-1909. Carbondale , IL : Southern Illinois University Press. A collection of eight works of fiction from a feminist perspective. Can be used for reading exercises.

Laxton, E. (1997). The famine ships: the Irish exodus to America , 1846-51. New York : Henry Holt. A wonderful history of the voyage to America including pictures and paintings. Provides materials for visual learners.  

McCormack, M. "National history." (Unknown). Ancient Order of Hibernians in America . Retrieved from World Wide Web 2001, November 15: http://www.aoh.com/history/main.htm

McGhee, R. (1996, December 5). Northern Approaches. The National Library of Canada . Retrieved April 12,2001 from World Wide Web: http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/north/nor-i/thule/thu-019e.htm. An encyclopedic article referencing pre-Columbian exploration of North America by Irish monks of the 10^th century.

McKenna, E. (1996). A student's guide to Irish American genealogy. Phoenix , AZ : Oryx Press. A guide to genealogical research about Irish Americans including information on Irish history. Can be used as a primer for construction of a family tree.

Miller, K. (1985). Emigrants and exiles: Ireland and the Irish exodus to North America. New York : Oxford University Press. At level, detailed historical examination of Irish emigration issues. Can be used for documentation in papers.

More Deaths from Starvation in Skibbereen. (1846). The Cork Examiner. In The Cork Examiner (Weekly 1846-1847). Views of the Famine. Retrieved September 13, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://vassun.vassar.edu/~sttaylor/FAMINE/Examiner/Archives/
Nov1846.html. Articles and images which provide a portrait of mass starvation as chronicled by a local newspaper with links to images. Provides exceptional words and images of the famine.

Pioneering into the 21st century: poetry, fiction, essay. (1994). Davenport , IA : Quad City Arts. An anthology focusing on the multicultural contributions of immigrants. Can be used for reading exercises.

Royal blood is found in Reagan ancestry. (Unknown). Associated Press. Interesting article describing the Reagan family's multistage migration from Ireland to England and then to America . Can be used as a teaser to start a lesson.

Wagner, P. (Producer). (1994). Out of Ireland [Videotape]. New York : American Focus, Inc. Narrated by Kelly McGillis, this video examines the history and experience of Irish Immigrants to America , including interviews. Can be used over multiple class periods (111 minutes) to enhance learning.

2.         Materials below reading level:

Avi, J. (1996). Beyond the western sea. Book one: The escape from home. New York : Orchard Books. Below-level work of fiction (fifteen-year-old heroine) describing migration to America which can be used to entice below-level readers.  

Bonney, Margaret Atherton. (Ed.). The Goldfinch. Vol. 3, #2. Des Moines, Iowa: Iowa State Historical Society, November 1981. A well written collection of articles from the Iowa Historical Society, including immigrant history, causation, photographs, maps, and interviews. Can be used as supplemental text for below-level readers.

Fortman, N. (2000). Irish immigration computer project. Menlo Middle School (CA) computer classes. Retrieved September 16, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://sun.menloschool.org/~nfortman/immigration.html. A wonderful example of a history writing project designed for a sixth grade computer literacy class including journal entries and a spreadsheet which can be modified for grade level.

Johnson, J. (1966). The Irish in America . Minneapolis , MN : Lerner Publishing Co. A brief, well written history including pictures which can be used as the primary text for below-level readers.

3.         Materials above reading level:  

Daniels, R. (1991) A history of immigration and ethnicity in American life. Princeton , N J: HarperPerennial. A college level history textbook describing causes and patterns of migration to America with specific references to contributions by major ethnic groups. Can be used for documentation in papers.

Diner, H. (1983). Erin 's daughter in America : Irish immigrant women in the nineteenth century. Baltimore , MD : Johns Hopkins University Press. Above-level collection of history and poetry from a feminist perspective which can be excerpted for at-level study.

The exiles of Erin : nineteenth-century Irish-American fiction. (1997). (2nd ed.). Chester Springs , PA : Dufour Editions. Generally above-level works of fiction (biographical and emigrant stories) which can be excerpted for at-level study.

Guinnane, T. The vanishing Irish: households, migration, and the rural economy in Ireland , 1850-1914. (1997). Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press. Technical study of migration push factors in eighteenth century Ireland . Can be used for documentation in papers.

Kenny, K. (2000). The American Irish: a history. New York : Longman. College level history textbook of the Irish in America . Can be used for documentation in papers.

Maguire, J. (1872). The Irish in America . New York : D. & J. Sadlier. Detailed historical study of Irish immigration immediately following the Famine period. Can be used for documentation in papers.

McCaffrey, L. (1992). Textures of Irish America . Syracuse , New York : Syracuse University Press. Irish Immigration History college textbook.

Schwieder, D. (1996).  The Middle Land . Ames , Iowa : Iowa State University Press. Iowa history college textbook.

Vacca R., & Vacca, J. (1999) Content area reading: Literacy and learning across the curriculum. Reading , MA : Addison-Wesley. Content Reading college textbook.

4.         Images:

An Gora Mor: the Great Irish Famine, (2001, February 3), University of Wales, Swansea History Department web site. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web:  http://www.swan.ac.uk/history/teaching/teaching%20resources/An%20Gorta%20Mor/index.html.

Battle, (Unknown), Interpreting the famine. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://www.people.virginia.edu/~eas5e/Irish/Battle.html

Beggar, (Unknown), Interpreting the famine. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://www.people.virginia.edu/~eas5e/Irish/Beggar.html

Bridget O'Donnel, (Unknown), Views of the famine. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://vassun.vassar.edu/~sttaylor/FAMINE/Master/BridgetODonnel.html

Cartoon, (Unknown), Interpreting the famine. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://www.people.virginia.edu/~eas5e/Irish/cartoon.html

Celtic art, (2001,  February 3), University of North Carolina Art Department web site. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://www.unc.edu/courses/art111/celtic/imagesindex.html

Connaught man, (Unknown), Views of the famine. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://vassun.vassar.edu/~sttaylor/FAMINE/ILN/Evictions/TheIrish.html

Cottage, (Unknown), Interpreting the famine. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://www.people.virginia.edu/~eas5e/Irish/Cottage.html

Day after, (Unknown), Views of the famine. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://vassun.vassar.edu/~sttaylor/FAMINE/ILN/Evictions/Evictions.html

Decks, (Unknown), Interpreting the famine. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://www.people.virginia.edu/~eas5e/Irish/Decks.html

Deserted, (Unknown), Interpreting the famine. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://www.people.virginia.edu/~eas5e/Irish/Deserted.html

En route, (Unknown), Views of the famine. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://vassun.vassar.edu/~sttaylor/FAMINE/Master/EnRoute.html

Eviction, (Unknown), Views of the famine. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://vassun.vassar.edu/~sttaylor/FAMINE/ILN/Evictions/Evictions.html

Famine, (Unknown), Interpreting the Irish famine. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://www.people.virginia.edu/~eas5e/Irish/Famine.html

Fermanagh history, (Unknown), Fermanagh: a lakeland paradise, Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://www.advernet.ie/fermanagh/history/historypage7.htm

Homeless2, (Unknown), Interpreting the famine. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://www.people.virginia.edu/~eas5e/Irish/Homeless2.html

Hovel, (Unknown), Interpreting the famine. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://www.people.virginia.edu/~eas5e/Irish/Hovel.html

Hut, (Unknown), Interpreting the famine. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://www.people.virginia.edu/~eas5e/Irish/Hut.html

Liverpool, (Unknown), Interpreting the famine. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://www.people.virginia.edu/~eas5e/Irish/Liverpool.html

Map of Ireland, (1981). A portrait of the Irish in America. New York : Scribner.

Miss Kennedy, (Unknown), Views of the famine. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://vassun.vassar.edu/~sttaylor/FAMINE/Master/MissKennedy.html

NINA, (Unknown). Celtic Dragon Pub Co. Retrieved from World Wide Web 2001, December 1: http://www.celticdragonpubco.com/shop/cdpc_nina.html

Pictish drawings, (Unknown), Pictish nation. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://members.tripod.com/~Halfmoon/

Searching, (Unknown), Interpreting the Irish famine. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://vassun.vassar.edu/~sttaylor/FAMINE/Master/Searching.html

Widow Connor, (Unknown), Views of the famine. Retrieved December 1, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://vassun.vassar.edu/~sttaylor/FAMINE/Master/WidowConnor.html

5.        Primary/professional sources:  

Brigham's Twin Cities Directory and Business Advertiser for 1861 & 1862. (1861). Chicago : Brigham Publishing. Primary source for census data in Davenport , Iowa , in 1861.

Bulger, Rev. J. (1939). Memoirs and historical jottings. (Unpublished biography, St. Anthony's church rectory, 1939). Davenport , IA : Original manuscript. Provides biographical perspective on Irish immigration to rural Southwestern Iowa which can be used as introductions to individual lessons.

Census data for the year 1850. (1998, March 24). The United States Historical Census Browser. Retrieved September 11, 2001 from World Wide Web: http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/
census. Provides immigration data for population studies. Can be used for documentation in papers.

Davenport City Directory. (1880). Davenport , Iowa : Morrissey & Bunn's. Primary source for census data in Davenport , Iowa , in 1880.  

Galvin, Rev. M. (1994, May 29). Letter to John Mullin. Qtd. in Mullin, J. (1995). Mullin Ancestry. Transcription of personal correspondence with the local priest in the ancestral Mullin home in Ireland .

Lewis, C. (2001). The proposal. (Unpublished play, St. Ambrose University , 2001). Davenport , IA : Original play. Provides an opportunity to experience Famine Irish immigration themes through reenactment of a fictionalized account of a family's migration to Iowa .

Mullin, J. (1995). Mullin Ancestry. (Unpublished genealogy). Davenport , IA :. Original manuscript. Provides material for construction of a family tree.

Mullin, J. Personal Interview. 4 May 2001.

Mullin, M. Personal interview. 9 April 200 .

State of Ireland. (1849, July 31). Qtd. in Letter to the editor. (1849, August 11). The Illustrated London Times.