History of the 1st Cavalry Division

Contents

History of the Cav Patch

The patch of the 1st Cavalry Division has a history as colorful as its design, reflecting the proud heritage of the United States Cavalry in a timeless manner.

The insignia selected for the First team patch was designed by Colonel and Mrs. Ben Dorsey. The colonel was then commander of the 7th Cavalry Regiment at Fort Bliss, Texas. Mrs. Dorsey related that the combination of the golden sunset at Fort Bliss and the traditional colors of the Cavalry; blue and yellow, were a great influence on the background color and the insignia. The choice of the horse's head for the insignia was made by the family after they observed a mounted trooper ride by their home on a beautiful blue-black thoroughbred. Later, to improve visibility, the color scheme was modified replacing the blue for black, the symbolic color of iron and armor.

On a "sunset" yellow triangular Norman Shield with rounded corners 5 1/4 inches in height, a black diagonal stripe extends over the shield from upper left to the lower right. In the upper right, a black horse's head cut off diagonally at the neck, appears within 1/8 inches of an Army Green border. The traditional Cavalry color of yellow and the horse's head is symbolic of the original organizational structure of the Cavalry. The color black is symbolic of iron, alluding to the organizational transition from mounted horses to tanks and heavy armor. The black stripe, in heraldry termed a "Sable Bend", represents a "baldric" (a standard Army issue belt worn over the right shoulder to the opposite hip - sometimes referred to as a "Sam Browne belt") which retains either a scabbard which sheaths the trooper's saber or revolver holster.

During the Vietnam engagements, the yellow background of the patch for Battle Dress Uniform (BDU) was changed to a subdued Olive Drab (OD) green in order to minimize targeting of personnel. The yellow/black patch is retained for Class "A" uniform dress. Otherwise the patch has not changed from the original design and shape.

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Early Cavalry

1st Cavalry Division units have served the nation from 1855 to the present; building a history rich in pride with solid ties to the traditions and heritage of the United States Cavalry.

The famed 1st Cavalry Division was baptized by fire and blood on the western plains in an era of horse-mounted cavalry. Dubbed the "First Team" by Major General William C. Chase, the division has always striven not only to be the first, but to be the best.

The division's roots date back to 1855 when the 2nd Cavalry Regiment was organized. Redesignated as the 5th Cavalry in 1861, this unit participated in a number of famous Civil War engagements, including Bull Run, Antietam, Gettysburg, Wilderness, and Appomattox. The sound of the bugle and the cry of "Charge!" sent the thundering hooves of the U.S. Cavalry troopers to protect the western-bound settlers in an era when Indians roamed the western frontier and pioneering settlers clung to their land with determination and luck.

The 5th, 7th, 8th, and 9th Cavalry regiments that would one day form the Division, clashed with the Sioux, Comanche, Arapaho, Apache, and Ute Indian Nations during the Indian Wars, led by colorful characters like Col. George Armstrong Custer.

As the Indian campaigns concluded, the Cavalry patrolled the far western frontiers from the frozen tundras of Alaska to the scorching deserts of the southwest. Just prior to World War I, the Cavalry engaged Pancho Villa's forces during the punitive expedition into Mexico.

With the initiation of the National Defense Act, the 1st Cavalry Division was formally activated on September 13, 1921 at Fort Bliss, Texas. That day, the 7th and 8th Cavalry Regiments were assigned to the division. The 5th Cavalry Regiment was assigned on December 18, 1922.

In addition to three of the four regiments of the cavalry, the original organization included the 82nd Field Artillery Battalion (Horse), the 13th Signal Troops, the 27th Ordnance Company, Division Headquarters, and the 1st Cavalry Division Quartermaster Train which later became the 15th Replacement Company. Major General Robert L. Howze was assigned as the first division commander.

The division's early history is largely a saga of rough riding, patrolling the Mexican border, and constant training. Operating from horseback, the cavalry was the only force capable of piercing the desert's harsh terrain and halting the band of smugglers that operated along the desolate Mexican border.

As the depression of the 30's forced thousands of workers into the streets, the division was asked to provide training for 62,500 people in the Civilian Conservation Youth Corps. These workers constructed barracks for 20,000 anti-aircraft troops at Fort Bliss, Texas in preparation for the Air Age. Although the division was created as a result of a proven need for large horse-mounted formations, by 1940, the march of progress had left the horse far behind.

The era of the tank, automobile, aircraft, and parachute had dawned and eclipsed the age of the armored horseman. The Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor erased all doubt. An impatient 1st Cavalry Division was dismounted in 1943 and processed for overseas movement to the Southwest Pacific as foot soldiers.

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World War II

After six months of training in Australia, the division got its first taste of combat. On February 29, 1944 the men of the division sailed for the Admiralty Islands and stormed ashore in an amphibious landing at Los Negros Island. After a fierce campaign in which the enemy lost some 7,000 combat soldiers, the division could look with pride on its first combat test of World War II.

The next action for the Cav troops was on the Philippine Island of Leyte. The division fought tirelessly against the Japanese fortification. With the last of the strong-holds eliminated, the division moved on to Luzon, the main island of the Philippines.

One of the First Team's most noted feats was accomplished during the fighting for Luzon. On January 31, 1945, General Douglas MacArthur issued the order, "Go to Manila, free the prisoners at Santo Tomas, take Malacanan Palace and the legislative building." The next day, the "flying column," as the element came to be known, jumped off to slice through 100 miles of Japanese territory. Hours later, the 1st Cav was in Manila and the prisoners were freed. The First Team was "First in Manila."

As the war came to a sudden end, MacArthur's First Team was given the honor of leading the Allied Occupational Army into Tokyo, achieving its second notable first -- "First in Tokyo."

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Korean War

On July 18, 1950, the 1st Cavalry Division plunged ashore at Pohangdong, South Korea to successfully carry out the first amphibious landing of the Korean conflict. The landing at Pohangdong helped halt the North Korean war machine at the Pusan perimeter. The division broke out of the perimeter in mid-September and started north. Crossing the 38th Parallel on October 9, 1950, the troopers of the 1st Cavalry Division crashed into Pyongyang, capturing the capital city of North Korea on October 19. This marked the third first for the division -- "First in Pyongyang."

The sudden intervention of Communist Chinese forces dashed hopes of a quick end to the war. First Team troopers fought courageously in the see-saw campaigns that followed, and successfully defended the city of Seoul.

By January 1952, the division, after 18 months of continuous fighting, rotated back to Hokkaido, Japan, returning to Korea in 1957 where they patrolled the Demilitarized Zone until 1965.

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Vietnam War

The division went home in 1965, but only long enough to be reorganized and prepared for a new mission. Within 90 days of becoming the Army's first air mobile division, the First Team was back in combat as the first fully committed division of the Vietnam War.

Their first real combat test came during the Pleiku campaign ; 35 days of continuous air mobile operations beginning October 29, 1965. The troopers destroyed two of the three regiments of a North Vietnamese Division, earning the first Presidential Unit Citation given to a division in Vietnam.

The division began 1968 by terminating Operation Pershing, the longest of the 1st Cav's Vietnam actions. For nearly a year the division scoured the Bong Son plain, An Lo valley and the hills of coastal II Corps, seeking out enemy units and their sanctuaries. When the operation ended on January 21, the enemy had lost 5,401 soldiers and 2,400 enemy soldiers had been detained. Some 1,300 individual and 137 crew served weapons had been captured or destroyed.

Moving to I Corps, Vietnam's northern most tactical zone, the division set up Camp Evans for their new base camp. In late January, the enemy launched the Tet Offensive, a major effort to overrun South Vietnam. Some 7,000 enemy, primarily well equipped, crack NVA regulars blasted their way into the imperial city of Hue and Quang Tri, the capital of Vietnam's northern most province.

The Cav went on the move and by February 1, Quang Tri was liberated followed by Hue. After shattering the enemy's dreams of a Tet victory, the 1st Cavalry Division "Sky-troopers" moved to relieve the besieged Marine Base at Khe Sann.

In May 1970, the First Team was "First into Cambodia," hitting what was previously a Communist sanctuary. Troopers deprived the enemy of much needed supplies and ammunition, scattering the enemy forces. The division's Vietnam service ended in 1972 when its last brigade began withdrawing. The 1st Cav had been the first division to go, and the last to leave. "Firsts" had become the trademark of the First Team. General Creighton Abrams, while commander of all U.S. Forces in Southeast Asia, said of the 1st Cav, "The big yellow patch does something to an individual that makes him a better soldier, a better team member, and a better American than he otherwise would have been."

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Modern Cavalry

The 1st Cav returned to the United States on May 5, 1971 where it was reorganized as the "First Triple Capability (TRICAP) Division." This TRICAP designation stemmed from its organization, consisting of an armored brigade, a mechanized infantry brigade, an airmobile brigade, and support troops tailored to assist the combat elements of the division.

In January 1975, the 1st Cav was once again reorganized, becoming the Army's newest armored division. During the Division's most recent past, the unit successfully completed field testing of TACFIRE, a computerized system to increase the effectiveness of artillery.

The division also received the mission in September 1978, for testing the Division Restructure (DRS) concept, used to determine the most effective use of manpower and weapons systems for the battlefields of the future.

Since fielding the M-1 Abrams main battle tank in 1980 Force Modernization has continued as a major division focus. The First Team became the "First" division to field the AH-64 Apache attack helicopter, M2 Bradley Fighting Vehicle, the High Mobility Multi-Purpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), and the Multiple Launch Rocket System.

The division's first National Training Center rotation in September 1982, kicked off a long on-going series of tough, realistic desert battles. The first units were the 1st Brigade's 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry, and 3rd Battalion, 10th Cavalry. The Division now conducts three NTC rotations year. During exercise REFORGER (Return of Forces to Germany) '83, the First Team became the "First unit to train as a division-size element in Northern Europe."

All the training, modernization, planning, and operations culminated in REFORGER '83, when the First Team deployed nearly 9,000 soldiers to Holland, drew propositioned equipment, moved to a staging area and conducted exercise "Certain Strike" on the plains of Northern Germany. The success of the exercise proved that the division was fully capable of performing its wartime mission. This was the "First U.S. deployment to Holland and Northern Germany since W.W.II."

October 16, 1987 the First Team became the "First" division to field and train with Mobile Subscriber Equipment (MSE), the military version of a cellular telephone system. The system became fully operational October 25, 1988.

In January of '89, the Cav's 2nd Brigade amassed a series of "Firsts" during its NTC rotation. This was the first combined use of the AH-64 Apache, M2 Bradley, and MSE. In addition, the First Teams' Apaches launched the first Hellfire anti-armor missiles ever fired at the National Training Center. One of the missiles was guided to it's target by the new OH-58D Observation Helicopter.

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Persian Gulf War

In August 1990, the 1st Cav was alerted for deployment to Southwest Asia as part of the joint forces participating in Operation Desert Shield. The focus at that time was the defense of Saudi Arabia against potential Iraqi attack.

During August, the division trained on a massive scale, firing all weapons, preparing equipment and people for overseas movement, and planning surface, sea, and air movement. Actual deployment to Saudi Arabia began in September, extending into mid-October. Equipment was moved by convoy and rail to ports in Texas and then by ships to the port of Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

First Team soldiers flew from Robert Gray Army Airfield to Dhahran International Airport in Saudi Arabia. There, they settled into warehouses and tents to await the arrival of their equipment. As soon as their equipment had arrived they moved to an assembly area in the desert 160 miles west of the port.

During October, November and December 1990, the division drew new equipment, trained, and planned defensive operations. By the end of December, the 1st Cavalry Division was one of the most modern and powerfully equipped divisions in the Army. The division's tankers drew, trained on and fired the M1A1 Abrams "Main Battle Tank" armed with a 120 millimeter smooth bore gun and one of the most sophisticated automotive and fire control systems in the world.

First Team infantrymen received the newest version of the Bradley Fighting Vehicle, the up-armored M2A2 which like the new Abrams proved its worth in combat. Both vehicles were reliable, survivable and deadly during Desert Storm operations.

The first glimpse of that performance came in December 1990 on the division's Pegasus Range, a full gunnery training facility built up from the sands of the Saudi desert. Every tank and Bradley crew fired their new weapons on Pegasus range as part of new equipment transition training.

Throughout this period, the division's leaders were planning and rehearsing the First Team's role as the theater counterattack force - the force that would defeat any Iraqi attack into Saudi Arabia.

Before hostilities, the First Team gained valuable experience in combined operations through coordination with French, Egyptian and Syrian forces. With the First Team's 2nd Brigade and the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) under its tactical control, the 1st Cavalry Division conducted a complex light force/heavy force defense of critical theater logistics bases.

In January 1991, the division was attached to VII (US) Corps and the focus of the First Team clearly began to shift toward offensive action. The division moved early 500 kilometers to another assembly area near King Khalid Military City (KKMC) in northern Saudi Arabia.

This put the division in a key strategic location covering the historic Wadi al Batin approach into Saudi Arabia and threatening Iraq along the same avenue into western Kuwait.

The time spent near KKMC was short, and the division once again packed up its 17,000 soldiers now accustomed to "jumping." The division moved north toward the juncture of the Saudi, Iraq and Kuwait borders through a series of defensive positions designed to thwart any preemptive attack along the Wadi. First Team deterrence was successful - no attack came.  Meanwhile, the air war began and other Allied ground forces began to reposition for the offense.

While other ground forces prepared for war, the First Team began a calculated war of deception along the Saudi border.

The goal was to lure Saddam Hussein into believing the Allied attack would come from this direction, and trick him into emplacing additional forces there. While the division's 8th Engineer Battalion improved positions and conducted "Berm Buster" missions to destroy Iraqi obstacles, the division's 1-7 Cav, screened well forward, clashing with Iraqi forces. The First Team began its secret fight to deceive Iraq long before the world would come to know that "ground-war fighting" had already begun.

The First Team's Multiple Launched Rocket Systems repeatedly lit the night sky, battering deep enemy targets, while its sister cannon batteries fired Copperhead rounds, rocket-assisted projectiles, and thousands of high explosive and improved conventional munitions into Iraq. The Aviation Brigade flew obstacle reduction and aerial reconnaissance missions and designated targets for destruction by the division's artillery. The enemy responded. Iraqi divisions focused forces toward the coalition threat in the Wadi, and the First Team froze them. Hussein's flanks were left thinned, allowing the other Allied Forces to attack virtually unopposed. The deception had worked.

On February 20th, in Desert Storm's "First" major mounted ground engagement, the division's 2nd (Blackjack) Brigade attacked 10 miles into Iraq, confirming and destroying enemy positions. Success exacted its price. During this engagement, the Blackjack Brigade suffered the agony of the "First" three Army soldiers to be killed in action. On the opening of the ground war, the Blackjack Brigade supported by the Aviation Brigade Apaches, moved into Iraq on a reconnaissance-in-force. The brigade broke contact after penetrating enemy obstacles, taking fire and causing the enemy to light fire trenches. They withdrew south to join the division for its final attack.

On February 26, the Commander of the Allied Forces, General Norman Schwarzkopf directed, "send in the First Team. Destroy the Republican Guard. Let's go home." The division charged west pausing only to refuel before passing through breeches in the enemy obstacle belt. Racing north, then east, the division moved in a vast armada of armor, stretching from horizon to horizon, Within 24 hours, the first Team had gone 300 kilometers, slicing deep into the enemy's rear. As the division prepared to destroy a Republican Guard division, the cease fire halted it.

1st Cavalry Division units setup defensive positions where the cease fire had stopped their attack, then expanded north to "Highway 8," clearing bunkers and looking for enemy equipment and soldiers. The 1st (Ironhorse) Brigade stretched through the historic Euphrates River Valley. Within 2 weeks the 1st Cav moved south into Saudi Arabia and its new assembly area (AA) Killeen. There on the plain of the Wadi al Batin - the Cav began to prepare for redeployment home.

During Operation Desert Storm, the First Team had several firsts: "First" to defend along the Saudi-Iraq border; "First" to fire Copperhead artillery rounds in combat; "First" to conduct intensive MLRS artillery raids; and in its pre-G-Day attacks the First Team was "First" to conduct mounted combat in Iraq. Unprecedented logistical and communications requirements were met consistently by the Division Support Command and the 13th Signal Battalion with its Mobile Subscriber Equipment.

Addressing the division in AA Killeen on Palm Sunday, VII (US) Corps Commander Lt. Gen. Frederick Franks emphasized the division's major role in the allied victory. "You were leading the corps - you were the major combat power VII Corps had. You were the First Team. You led us into combat. You began the fight, you led the way...."

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Today's Cavalry

(as of 1996)

Upon its return to the United States, the 1st Cavalry Division became the largest division in the Army, with the reactivation of its 3rd "Greywolf" Battle Team May 21 1991. Included in this battle team was the 3rd Battalion, 41st Infantry Regiment; 1st and 3rd Battalions, 67th Armor, 1st Battalion, 3rd Field Artillery Regiment; and the 502nd (redesignated 215th) Forward Support Battalion.

October of 1992 saw the activation of the Engineer Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division. Through the Army's "Engineer Restructuring Initiative," the nucleus of the brigade was formed around the division's historic 8th Engineer Battalion. The 20th Engineer Battalion was brought from Fort Campbell, Kentucky to join the brigade and the 91st Engineer Battalion was activated to complete it.

In November 1992, the unit designations for the battalions remaining from the former "Tiger" Brigade of the 2nd Armored Division were returned to them prior to their reactivation at Fort Hood on December 2, 1992. This action was done to realign the historical designations of units to their parent divisions.

On November 29, the Cav in turn regained the titles of its historical units: 3-41 Infantry was redesignated 1-9 Cavalry, 1-67 Armor became 3-8 Cavalry, and 1-3 Field Artillery took the title 2-82 Field Artillery. On December 16, 1992, other 1st Cavalry Division units redesignated to accomplish the realignments for historical purposes. These changes included: 1-32 Armor redesignating as 2-12 Cavalry, 3-32 Armor to 1-12 Cavalry, and Battery A, 333 Field Artillery to Battery B, 26th Field Artillery.

In August of 1993, the reflagging actions were completed when the 2nd Armored Division's 4th Battalion, 6th Infantry was reflagged the 2nd Squadron, 7th Cavalry Regiment, which was assigned to the First Team's 3rd Greywolf Brigade.

Following its reorganization, the division became the Army's largest division and only armored contingency force, ready to deploy anywhere in the world on a moment's notice.

Since then, elements of the First Team have returned to Kuwait no less than three times -- as part of a ten-year training agreement between the U.S. and Kuwait and also in a crisis situation when Iraq infringed on Kuwaiti border rules.

Meanwhile, the National Training Center in Fort Irwin, California remains a mainstay of training for the division which deploys brigades there three times a year. Here they have 1,000 square miles for maneuver training against the best trained opposing force in the world.

More recently, the 1st Cavalry Division was selected to assume the mission of "Task Force Eagle," conducting peace support operations in Bosnia-Herzegovina. On 16 April 1998, the decision to send the First Team on this unique and challenging mission was announced. Following 4 months of highly successful and intensive planning, training, and maintaining, "Americas’ First Team" assumed the mission of ensuring peace and stability throughout Bosnia-Herzegovina.

With the Army’s finest soldiers and best equipment, the hard-riding spirit of the U.S. Cavalry is alive and well in the 1st Cavalry Division. Our 17,000 soldiers combine the spirit of the Cav’s heritage with the challenges facing an alert, combat-ready, armored division. The "First Team" remains ready to fight anywhere, anytime, and win.

Training, maintaining readiness and staying on the leading edge of today's technology continue to be priorities, while the First Team takes great strides to preserve its pride filled heritage and to live the legend its forefathers created.

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Current History

In Truth, I started out with the intention of keeping this page current. However since 9/11 and the War on Terror, the Army that I knew has changed greatly. In the intervening years with the multiple combat deployments to Gulf War II and Afghanistan, I find it beyond my meager resources to document the recent history.

And now as of 2014, there is the potential for additional combat deployments; as world events are even more ominous than before. Therefore, I will leave Current History to someone who has a current perspective. Reader, would you be that person?

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Lineage, 1st Cavalry Division

22 January 1921; Constituted as 1st Cavalry Division.

13 September 1921; Activated at Fort Bliss, Texas.

03 January 1933; 1st Cavalry Regiment relieved from assignment to the 1st Cavalry Division.

04 December 1943; Re-designated 1st Cavalry Division Special and reorganized partly under the Cavalry and partly under the Infantry Tables of Organization and Equipment.

20 July 1945; The Regiments were organized wholly as Infantry, but retained their Cavalry designations.

25 March 1949; Reorganized as a Triangular Division. The 5th, 7th and 8th Cavalry Regiments were retained and the 12th Cavalry Regiment was deactivated.

01 November 1957; The 1st Cavalry Division was converted to the Pentomic structure with 5 Battle Groups. This change brought back the 12th Cavalry Regiment and added the 4th Cavalry Regiment as Battle Groups.

15 July 1963; The new Army Division called, Reorganization Objective Army Division (ROAD) brought back the triangular Division and from the point of the 1st Cavalry, resulted in the loss of the 12th Cavalry Regiment once again as well as the 4th Cavalry Regiment.

01 July 1965; On this date the 1st Cavalry Division was reorganized as an Airmobile Division. The 12th Cavalry as well as the 9th Cavalry Regiments became part of the Division.

05 May 1971; The Division received an experimental designation as the TRICAP (Triple Capability) Division. It was organized with an Armored, Infantry and Air Cavalry Brigade.

21 February 1975; On this date, while retaining the famous name of the 1st Cavalry Division, it was designated an Armored Division.

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Division's Awards (as of 1996)

Campaign Credits (Streamers), 1st Cavalry Division

World War II
New Guinea
Bismarck Archipelago
Leyte (with arrowhead)
Luzon

Korean War
UN Defensive
UN Offensive
CCF Intervention
First UN Counteroffensive
CCF Spring Offensive
UN Summer-Fall Offensive
Second Korean Winter

Vietnam
Defense
Counteroffensive
Counteroffensive, Phase II
Counteroffensive, Phase III
Tet Counteroffensive
Counteroffensive, Phase IV
Counteroffensive, Phase V
Counteroffensive, Phase VI
Tet 69/Counteroffensive
Summer-Fall 1969
Winter-Spring 1970
Sanctuary Counteroffensive
Counteroffensive, Phase VII
Southwest Asia
Defense of Saudi Arabia
Liberation and Defense of Kuwait

Decorations

Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered PLEIKU PROVINCE (Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1st Cavalry Division, cited; DA GO 40, 1967)

Valorous Unit Award, Streamer embroidered FISH HOOK (Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1st Cavalry Division, cited; DA GO 43, 1972)

Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army), Streamer embroidered SOUTHWEST ASIA (Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1st Cavalry Division, cited for the period 16 Sep 1990 - 15 Mar 1991; DA GO 27, 1994)

Philippine Presidential Unit Citation, Streamer embroidered 17 OCTOBER 1944 TO 4 JULY 1945 (Headquarters, 1st Cavalry Division, cited; DA GO 47, 1950)

Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation, Streamer embroidered WAEGWAN-TEAGU (Headquarters, 1st Cavalry Division, cited; DA GO 35, 1951)

Chryssoun Aristion Andrias (Bravery Gold Medal of Greece), Streamer embroidered KOREA (Headquarters, 1st Cavalry Division, cited; DA GO 2, 1956)

Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm, Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1965 - 1969 (Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1st Cavalry Division, cited; DA GO 59, 1969)

Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm, Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1969 - 1970 (Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1st Cavalry Division, cited; DA GO 42, 1972)

Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm, Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1970 - 1971 (Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1st Cavalry Division, cited; DA GO 42, 1972)

Republic of Vietnam Civil Action Honor Medal, First Class, Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1969-1970 (Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1st Cavalry Division, cited; DA GO 42, 1972)

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Bibliography

GENERAL

Dunn, Si. History of the 1st Cavalry Division. Copperas Cove, TX: 1st Cav Div Assn, 1984. 286 p. #05-1CAV.1984.

The 1st Cavalry Division: The First Team. n.p., 195? 31 p. #05-1CAV.195?.

Lanning, Michael L., and Warren, Anthony W. "The 1st Cavalry Division." Inf 70 (Mar/Apr 1980): pp. 18-22. Per.

U.S. Army. 1st Cav Div. 1st Cavalry Division: Division Officers Roster. n.p., 1965. 168 p. #05-1CAV.1965.

U.S. Army. 1st Cav Div Assn. First Cavalry Division Association Membership Directory. Pomona, CA, n.d. 111 p. #05-1CAV.1950/2.

_____. Roster : 1st Cavalry Division Association. Albuquerque, NM, 1967. 99 p. #05-1CAV.1967/2.

Wilson, John B., comp. Armies, Corps, Divisions and Separate Brigades. In the official Army Lineage Series. Wash, DC: CMH, 1987. pp. 127-138. UA25W547.1987. Lineage & honors from WW2 through Dec 1984.

PRE-WORLD WAR II

"The 1st Cavalry Division Passes in Review, Celebrating Its Assembly at Fort Bliss, Texas, in February." Cav Jrnl 50 (Mar/Apr 1941): pp. 56-57. Per.

King, Edgar W. “Medical Department in the 1st Cavalry Division Maneuvers.” Reprinted from The Military Surgeon 70 (Mar 1932): pp. 203-230. UM300K5.

"New Cavalry Division to be Tested in Texas." Army Navy Jrnl 75 (19 Mar 1938): pp. 613 & 615. Per.

WORLD WAR II

Alcine, Bill. "Landing on Los Negros." Yank 2 (14 Apr 1944): pp. 2-4. Per.

"Cavalry Did Fine Work." Army Navy Register 65 (23 Sep 1944): p. 13. Per. Admiralty Islands.

Chase, William C. Papers. 1 Bx. Arch. Incls some material on 38th ID & 1st Cav Div; he commanded the latter.

"Elements of the 1st Cavalry Division (Dismounted) Land on Manus and Los Negros Islands in Admiralty Group." Cav Jrnl 53 (Mar/Apr 1944): pp. 8-9 & 11 Per.

"1st Cavalry in the Admiralty Islands." Cav Jrnl 53 (Nov/Dec 1944): pp. 3-7; 54 (Jan/Feb 1945): pp. 46-50; & 54 (Mar/Apr 1945): pp. 45-51. Per.

"1st Cavalry Division in the Leyte Campaign." Cav Jrnl 54 (Nov/Dec 1945): pp. 2-5. Per.

"1st Cavalry Division on Leyte." Cav Jrnl 54 (Jan/Feb 1945): pp. 44-45. Per.

Jacobs, Bruce. Soldiers: Fighting Divisions of the Regular Army. NY: Norton, 1958. pp. 346-360. UA25J3.

Kleen, Bill. “Interview: From Cornfields to Killing Fields.” Mil Hist 14 (Aug 1997): pp. 34-40. Per. First-person account.

St. George, Ozzie. "Back to the Philippines." Yank 3 (17 Nov 1944): pp. 2-3. Per. Eyewitness acct of landing.

Stanton, Shelby L. Order of Battle, U.S. Army, World War II. Notato, CA: Presidio, 1984. pp. 71-72. UA25.5S767.1984.

Steward, Harold D. "First Cavalry Division." Armored Cav Jrnl 55 (Nov/Dec 1946): pp. 5-6. Per.

U. S. Army. 1st Cav Div. Souvenir Battle Diary: A Short History of the 1st Cavalry Division. Tokyo, 1945. 29 p. #05-1CAV.1945.

U.S. Dept of Army. Office, Chief of Mil Hist. Order of Battle of the United States Army Ground Forces in World War II: Pacific Theater of Operations. Wash, DC: 1959. pp. 391-403. D767U52.

_____. Hist Div. Combat Chronicles: An Outline History of U.S. Army Divisions. Wash, DC: 1948. p. 3. #05-1948/2.

U.S. War Dept. The Admiralties: Operations of the 1st Cavalry Division (29 February-18 May 1944).
     Wash, DC: CMH, 1990. 151 p. #05-1CAV.1990. Reprint of earlier ed (#05-1CAV.1946).

_____. AGO. "Historical Documents, World War II." Boxes 2222-2248. MicrofilmColl.

Wright, Bertram C. The 1st Cavalry Division in World War II. Tokyo: Toppan, 1947. 245 p. 05-1CAV.1947.

IN JAPAN

Hill, Alfred G. "Armor in the Far East: 1st Cavalry Division--Japan." Armor 65 (Sep/Oct 1956): pp. 20-21. Per.

Mahr, Warren C., comp. The First Cavalry Division on Hokkaido, January 1951-June 1954. Atlanta: Love, 195?. ca 250 p. #05-1CAV.1954.

Rogers, Charles A. Occupation Diary: First Cavalry Division...1945-1950. Tokyo: Toppan, 1950. 58
     p. #05-1CAV.1950.

Sheldon, Charles A. "Cavalry's First Team in Japan." Armored Cav Jrnl 55 (Nov/Dec 1946): pp. 2-4. Per.

IN KOREA

Armstrong, Frank H. The 1st Cavalry Division and Their 8th Engineers in Korea: America’s Silent Generation.  VT: South Burlington,  Bull Run of VT, 1997. 295 p. #05-1CAV.1997.

U.S. Army 1st Cav Div. The First Cavalry Division in Korea, 18 July 1950-18 January 1952. Paducah, KY: Turner Pub, 1994. ca 250 p. #05-1CAV.1952.1994r. Reprint of 1952 ed.

_____. The First Team: Korea 1959. Tokyo, 1959. ca 250 p. #05-1CAV.1959.

CREATION OF AIRMOBILE DIVISION

"First Cavalry Division (Airmobile) Created." Army Info Digest 20 (Aug 1965): pp. 32-37. Per.

Silver, Benjamin S. & Frances A. Ride at a Gallop. Waco, TX: Davis, 1990. 404 p. #05-11.1990. By participant in the 1963-65 creation & testing of air assault.

Tierney, Richard K. "The Aviation Group." U.S. Army Avn Digest 11 (Dec 1965): pp. 2-9. Per. 11th Avn Grp, org in Spring 1963 as part of 11th Air Assault Div & carried over to 1st Cav in Jul 1965.

VIETNAM

Brand, William F., Brady, Morris J., and Johnson, E.K. "Airmobile Firepower--Hallmark of the 1st Cavalry Division." US Army Aviation Digest 13 (Mar 1967): pp. 18-23. Per.

Brennan, Matthew. Headhunters: Stories From the 1st Squadron, 9th Cavalry in Vietnam, 1965-1971. Novato, CA: Presidio, 1987. 306 p. DS556.4H42.

Clifton, F. Berry. Air Cav. Toronto: Bantam, 1988. 158 p. 05-1CAV.1988.

Coleman, J.D. Pleiku: The Dawn of Helicopter Warfare in Vietnam. NY: St. Martin's, 1988. 315 p. DS552.3P49C64.

_____, ed. 1st Cavalry Division: Memoirs of the First Team, Vietnam, August 1965-December 1969. Tokyo: Dai Nippon, 1970?. 296 p. #05-1CAV.1970.

Estep, James. Company Commander Vietnam. Novato, CA: Presidio, 1996. 254 p. DS559.5E78.1996.

First Air Cavalry Division Scrapbook: Vietnam. Greenville, TN: R&R Enterprises, 196?. ca 200 p. #05-1CAV.1967/5.

Frame, Arthur T. “The 1st Cavalry Division’s Exploitation of Helicopters in the Ia Drang Valley.” Combined Arms… Ft. Leavenworth, KS: CGSC, 1992. pp. 11-18. U260C66.

Harris, Michael M. "First Team Moves South." Army 19 (May 1969): pp. 43-48. Per.

Hoffman, Fred S. "The Airmobile Division: Trial by Combat." Natl. Guardsman 19 (Oct 1965): pp. 2-6. Per.

Hymoff, Edward. The First Air Cavalry Division in Vietnam. NY: Lads Pub, 1967. 162 p. #05-1CAV.1967/3.

Kelley, Mike. “1st Cav Recon in the Ia Drang.” Vietnam 12 (Oct 1999): pp. 38-44. Per.

Kinnard, Harry W.O. "Activation to Combat...in 90 Days." Army Info Digest 21 (Apr 1966): pp. 24-31. Per.

_____. "A Victory in the Ia Drang: The Triumph of a Concept." Army 17 (Sep 1967): pp. 24-31. Per.

Mertel, Kenneth D. Year of the Horse-Vietnam: 1st Air Cavalry in the Highlands. NY: Exposition Pr, 1968. 380 p. #05-1CAV.1968. Paperback reprint also available (#05-1CAV.1968.1990r).

Moore, Harold G., & Galloway, Joseph L. We Were Soldiers Once…And Young: Ia Drang: The Battle that Changed the War in Vietnam. NY: Random, 1992. 412 p. DS552.3I2M66. Norton, John. Papers. 1 folder. Arch. CG, 1966-1967.

Pierce, Kenneth R. "The Battle of the Ia Drang Valley." Mil Rev 69 (Jan 1989): pp. 87-97. Per.

Roberts, Elvy. Papers. Arch. Bde Commander, 1965-66; CG 1969-70.

Stanton, Shelby. Anatomy of a Division: The 1st Cav in Vietnam. Novato, CA: Presidio Pr, 1987. 268 p. #05-1CAV.1987.

_____. Vietnam Order of Battle. Milwood, NY: Kraus, 1981. pp. 71-73. DS552.55S73.1986.

Sykes, Charles S., comp. Interim Report of Operations of the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile) July 1, 1965 to December 31, 1966. Albuquerque, NM: 1st Cav Div Assn, 196?. 98 p. #05-1CAV.1967.

U.S. Army. Command Info Unit. Scrapbook For Fighting Men Too Busy To Keep Their Own, 1st Cavalry Division. Wash, DC: 1966?. ca 300 p. #05-1CAV.1966v1.

U.S. Army. 1st Cav Div. After Action Report: Keystone Robin Charlie. Vietnam, 1971. ca 450 p. #05-1CAV.1971.

_____. The Air 1st Cavalry Division in Vietnam: The First Team. n.p.,197?. 21 p. #05-1CAV.1970/3.

_____. Horse Cavalry Platoon. Wash, DC: GPO, 1974. 10 p. #05-1CAV.1974.

Wright, John. Papers. Arch. Daily diary; ADC, 1964-1966.

SINCE 1971

Franks, Tommy R., and Hollis, Patrecia S. "Deception, Firepower and Movement." Field Arty (Jun 1991): pp. 31-34. Per. Interview w/ ADC.

Lanning, Michael L., and Warren, Anthony W. "The 1st Cavalry Division." Inf 70 (Mar/Apr 1980): 18-22. Per.

Nihart, Brooke. "Army Triple Threat Division Test at Ft. Hood." Armed Forces Jrnl 108 (3 May 1971): pp. 30-31. Per.

Parnell, William C., III. "Field Artillery--Cav Style." Field Arty Jrnl 42 (Sep/Oct 1971): pp. 49-53. Per.

Phillips, Jeffrey E., and Gregory, Robyn M. America's First Team in the Gulf. Dallas, TX: Taylor Pub 1992. 176 p.  #05-1CAV.1992.

Scicchitano, J. Paul. "Night Strikes: The Secret War of the 1st Cavalry Division." Army Times (23 Sep 1991): pp. 8 & 14-16. Per.

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